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Anti-Thyroglobulin measures antibodies against thyroglobulin, a protein used by the thyroid to produce hormones. Elevated levels can indicate autoimmune thyroid disease and are also used to help monitor thyroid cancer treatment.

Anti-TPO measures antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme important for thyroid hormone production. High levels are commonly associated with autoimmune thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.